Radiation; It is defined as the emission of energy in the form of waves or particles. There are 3 different types of solar radiation. The first of these is direct radiation, which, as the name suggests, transcends the atmosphere and radiates directly to the earth. Another type of diffuse radiation is; It is defined as the radiation reaching the earth by striking and spreading molecules such as clouds and air particles while passing through the sky. Finally, the radiation that cannot pass through the atmosphere and is reflected back to space is called reflected radiation. The annual radiation value can be considered as the kWh value of the sum of direct radiation and diffuse radiation. This energy can be converted into electrical energy with a certain percentage loss with semiconductor structures in solar panels. Therefore, two important parameters that affect the amount of energy produced annually are the annual radiation value and the panel efficiency. For this reason, the annual radiation value is of great importance in the positioning and sizing of solar fields.
If you do not have a serious electricity consumption or just for investment purposes, it is possible to install a wind turbine. Although it is possible to produce your own consumption, which is intended in the Unlicensed Electricity Generation Regulation dated 21.07.2011. You can spend as much energy as a light bulb and sell the excess to the grid. When selling the electricity produced by the wind turbine to the grid, it is calculated over › 0.11 $/KWh for domestic production turbines (50 and 100 Kw) kWh, › 0.73 $/KWh for imported turbines. However, in accordance with the Consumption aggregation article of the said regulation, more than one consumer can come together and combine their consumption. This creates the right to sell the electricity they have produced to you through an agreement. If you think that the kwh cost of many subscribers, including taxes, is around 25, you may have the chance to sell the electricity produced to your acquaintances at the level of 20 kuruş. This allows the Wind Turbine to generate an income above its domestic and import payments. There is no domestic/import difference of the turbine. As a matter of fact, 500 KW wind turbines have not been produced yet in our country. In other words, if you buy a 500 KW Wind Turbine, approximately 1,500,000 kW/h will be produced annually at an average wind of 7 m/sec. Accordingly, the estimated income to be obtained is; › If it is given directly to the network without settling, 1.500.000 x 0.073 $ = 109.500 + VAT = 129.210 $ x 1.75(currency) = 226.117 TL income is obtained. › If set-off is made, it is calculated over the subscriber's actual cost in kWh. For example, for a customer whose cost is 0.21 TL including taxes and 0.28 TL on the invoice, the revenue would be 1.500.000 x 0.28 = 420.000 TL. This means a return on investment in about 4 years. Therefore, the return time of the investment will be 2 times longer by only giving directly to the network without offset. This is also not logical. Even if you yourself do not consume any electricity, the regulation dated 21.07.2011 gives you the opportunity to make one or more acquaintances by adding this offset.
Wind turbines have very low operating and maintenance costs due to the developing technology. Annual service and operating costs correspond to an average of 1% of the initial investment costs.
These products are designed assuming that they will work in the harshest natural conditions for 20-25 years. Therefore, service needs are almost non-existent.
The direct drive technique used in domestically produced Wind Turbines in our product range has a design that minimizes the wear of mechanical parts. Therefore, it can work for many years without the need for service.
As Mars Energy, we can continuously monitor the Wind Turbines technically over the internet via GSM modules in all of our products we recommend to you. Our customer can instantly monitor what is the current wind value and the electricity produced in kWh.
The sectoral failure average of Wind Turbines is around 0.0003 %.
The electricity produced by wind turbines depends on the wind speed of the location and the blowing time interval. The same Wind Turbine produces different electricity at 5 m/sec, 6 m/sec and 7 m/sec winds. For this reason, the wind value of the coordinate where the turbines are located is important. Our company calculates the estimated wind value of the place by using the National Wind Maps, REPA in calculating the wind value of your location. Accordingly, it makes an estimated ROI-Return on Investment Analysis. This is only necessary to give an idea. For investment decision and loan, MUCH NETTER calculation of annual production is made with Wind Energy Pre-Feasibility Report, depending on this wind value and blow time interval. The wind speed, which is calculated on the basis of the coordinates where the wind turbine will be installed, by taking the data of NASA and the surrounding meteorology stations, by the University and the Institute we cooperate with, by taking the data of NASA and the surrounding meteorology stations, the wind speed, how much electricity the wind turbine will produce annually according to this speed, and the return on investment will be calculated by a professor and a researcher. It is carried out by assistant professor. Since it is the official report of the university, it also provides great convenience to financial institutions in loan studies. As Mars, we have a Wind Energy Pre-Feasibility Report prepared for each of our customers. The report is prepared 4-6 weeks after the payment of the report is made to us by our customer. If a turbine order is placed, the report fee is refunded to our customer.
Noise in wind turbines arises for two different reasons. The first of these is the mechanical noise originating from the system such as gearbox, fan, gear, and the second is the aerodynamic noise caused by the wind-blade interaction. Today, mechanical noise is largely avoided. For this reason, aerodynamic noise is the part that is currently being developed heavily. The aerodynamic noise, the 'slap' sound in the engine wings, arises mainly from the very tip and back of the wings. Aerodynamic noise, which is louder the higher the rotational speed, has been greatly reduced in the last decade due to better design of the engine blades. Especially since there is no gearbox in wind turbines produced with direct drive technique, the total sound produced has decreased to 65 db. This sound is as much as normal ambient noise. Compared to the wind turbines produced 10-15 years ago, wind turbines with new technology produced in recent years are very quiet.
The average operating period of wind turbines is 20-25 years. In addition, the turbines can be used again by renewing their important mechanical parts after the turbines have completed their life, and it is also possible to replace the turbine with a higher model by taking into account the developing technological innovations.
Wind turbines are guaranteed for 24 months against all kinds of workmanship and manufacturing defects. At the end of this period, you can take out insurance if you wish. Wind Turbines are insured against all kinds of damage by many insurance companies.
With the "Regulation on Unlicensed Electricity Production in the Electricity Market" published on 3 December 2010 and lastly on 21 July 2011, the requirement to obtain a license from EMRA for wind turbine installations of 500 kW and below has been removed. While the regulation is aimed at meeting the electricity needs of legal entities, it GUARANTEES that all excess energy is given to the grid and purchased by the distribution company for AT LEAST 10 years. Selling Price and Payment of Excess Electricity In the Regulation, there are two different prices regarding the price to be applied in the sale of surplus electricity to the distribution company. Accordingly, the electricity generated from our 50 and 100 KW domestically produced Wind Turbines in our product range will be sold at a unit price of 11$/cent. In other words, it will be able to sell at approximately 0.19 TL/kwh+VAT. Our 250 and 500 KW customers will be able to sell all their surplus electricity for 7.3 $/cent /kwh, that is, approximately 0.14 TL + VAT specified in the RES law. However, with the permission given by the 21 July 2011 regulation, more than one person can be included in the settlement, and the electricity produced can be sold to someone else through a bilateral agreement. At this price, it can be at least 0.20 TL depending on the buyer's tariff. Payments will be made monthly by the distribution company, with the invoice to be issued after the settlement to be made every month. Although the electricity you generate in the wind turbine stays within the boundaries of the distribution company, it can be consumed in more than one and different consumption facilities affiliated to the same legal entity. Another sales method of surplus electricity is consumption aggregation. With the regulation dated July 21, 2011, more than one consumer can come together, combine their consumption and set off together. This gives you the opportunity to sell the excess electricity to an acquaintance. Whether the turbine is domestic or imported, you can sell the excess electricity to your acquaintances at the price you want.
While the project of the wind turbine is being prepared, the amount of electricity that the turbine will produce in a year is calculated through various methods and software, and the most ideal wind turbine is selected for your business. If your annual electricity consumption is more than the annual electricity production of the wind turbine, you will save on your electricity bills and you will continue to pay only the amount of electricity you consume, even though the bill amounts decrease. The offset will be calculated on a monthly basis. At the end of each month, your production and consumption amounts are compared. If the electricity you generate from the wind turbine is more than your consumption, the distribution company will pay your account at the end of the month. In cases where electricity consumption is more than production, you will continue to pay electricity bills. To summarize briefly with some examples; 1. Subscriber. Monthly consumption is 80.000 kWh. Received RES 500 KW. The estimated situation could be: › Consumption 80.000 kwh › Production 110.000 kwh › In this case, the next month, the distribution company pays the subscriber for the over-production 110.000 - 80.000=30.000 kwh 2. Subscriber. Monthly consumption is 80.000 kWh. Received RES 250,000 kWh. The estimated situation could be: › Consumption 80.000 kWh › Production 60.000 kWh › In this case, the subscriber receives 20.000 kWh electricity from the network and pays the bill of only 20.000 kWh.
You can read the total annual electricity amount of your business from your electricity bills. For this, you can follow the instructions below;
1. Multiplying the Average Daily Consumption (kWh) amount by the number of days between billing dates.
2. It can be found by adding the three Consumption (kWh) amounts calculated for the daytime, peak and night time periods in your electricity bill.
3. Our suggestion is to take the sum of 12 monthly invoices. In this way, monthly consumption differences are taken into account and a more accurate calculation is made. As Mars Energy, when you send us your electricity bill by e-mail or fax, we can make this calculation for you and notify you.
The answer to this question will be determined after the preliminary feasibility study. According to the monthly kWh consumption amounts on your bill, your annual total kWh consumption should be found and turbine selection should be made according to this value. To summarize very briefly which of the products in our product range is suitable for you; If your Annual Consumption; If 100,000 - 150,000 kWh, then 50 kW If 200,000 - 300,000 kWh, 100 kW, if 500,000 - 700,000 kWh, 250 kW, if 1.100,000 - 1,700,000 kWh, you can think of it as 500 kW. If it is 2.000.000 +, you need to buy 500 KW Wind Turbine. Transformer Capacity in the Plant Some customers ask if I have a 500 kW transformer in my establishment, should I buy a 500 kW Wind Turbine. Your transformer or power total in your business is not sufficient for turbine selection. What needs to be looked at is your annual consumption in kWh. If the consumption of our customer with a 500 kW transformer is 225,000 kWh/year, a 100 kW wind turbine is sufficient for him.
In wind turbine installations, the most important factor affecting the return on investment is the wind speed at the point where the turbine will be installed and the wind blowing time interval. The reason for this is that the cube of the wind speed is effective in the calculation of the energy of the wind. Another factor is the electricity consumption cost in kWh, depending on the tariff the customer is using. While the return on investment is directly related to the wind speed, the payback period generally varies between 4-5 years. The most important points to consider when calculating return on investment are; › Actual cost in kWh. As a result, it is calculated by dividing the total TL of the invoice you paid by the amount of consumption. › Increase in electricity fees every year. (88.8% in the last 4 years. Source EMO) › Tax advantage to be obtained from depreciation (Approximately 20%) › Cost of financing. We do this calculation for each of our customers free of charge. If you send us your electricity bill samples and the coordinates of your location, our engineers will do this work for you and send them.
After receiving the order of the wind turbine, we can deliver it in a working condition within 4-6 months. The delivery time becomes clear with the delivery time given by the factory at the time of order. Briefly, as an example, the steps of a turnkey wind turbine project are; Return on Investment Analysis 2 days Pre-Feasibility Report 4-6 weeks Credit Study 2-4 weeks Order and payment 1 week Production Time 4 Months Shipment 1 Month (250kW and 500kW) Installation 1 Month
In order to meet your electricity needs by installing a wind turbine, you do not need to have good wind speed in the area where your business is located! Provided that it is within the boundaries of the electricity distribution company, you can install the turbine at a point with good wind speed in the distribution region. The electricity produced directly from the wind turbine is fed to the grid. After reducing the distribution loss rates within the distribution region, you can consume the remaining net electricity generation in your business.
The map you see below is the average capacity factor distribution map at an altitude of 50 meters across Turkey. According to this map, the ideal places to install a wind turbine are the places shown on the map with red, orange and yellow colors. Among these places, the Thrace region, Istanbul, Balikesir, Bursa, Izmir, Çanakkale and Hatay are the areas with the most ideal conditions.
According to the law numbered 5784 adopted on 09.07.2008; Real and legal persons who establish a generation facility with a maximum installed capacity of 500 kilowatts and a micro cogeneration facility based on renewable energy sources are exempt from the obligation to obtain a license and establish a company. There is no need to obtain a license from EMRA for wind turbine installations with a capacity of 500kW and below 500kW.